The purpose of a orthodontic treatment is that of restore the correct occlusion of the teeth, that is the way in which the teeth of the two arches come into contact with each other when the mouth is closed. A misalignment therefore causes malocclusion, carrying pain in jaw muscles e problems with chewing.
Crooked teeth and dental arches that do not match each other are the main problems on which orthodontics intervenes.

The two possible therapies performed by the orthodontist are mechanical therapy is that surgical.

L’dental implantology is the set of surgical practices that allow for partial or even total replacement the absence of one or more teeth thanks to the use of specific systems. Implantology is the best practice for patients suffering from edentulia, clinical situation caused by the lack of one or more teeth.

How a dental implant works

The dental implants they use artificial prostheses that fill the gap caused by the loss of one or more teeth. The system is fixed, with the prosthesis that becomes an integral part of the dental arch with a process that takes the name of osseointegration.
A dental prosthesis consists of three main parts:

• Quickly endorsed: a titanium screw is placed inside the bone tissue, becoming the base on which the prosthesis will be implanted;
• Abutment: this is the part that connects the screw with the dental prosthesis and is placed at the level of the gum;
• Prosthetics: the actual dental prosthesis is constituted by the artificial tooth, which fills the empty space caused by the missing tooth.

Through theosteointegrazione the endosseous screw stabilizes within the maxillary or mandibular tissue. This can thus act as a root for the dental prosthesis, which is stably fixed to the screw through the abutment.

The modern dental aesthetics deals with the restoration of damaged teeth and the correction of smile defects through new technologies and new composite materials, which perfectly simulate the color and brightness of natural teeth. Thanks to these modern methods, many can be performed conservative aesthetic interventions. With the innovative whitening techniques it is possible for the cosmetic dentist restore brightness to a smile without altering the structure of the tooth, eliminating discolorations of various origins, for example those due to nicotine, from old root canals or traumas, in a painless and non-harmful way dental structure.

Periodontology has the ultimate goal of preserve the natural dentition, restoring the health of the tissues of the oral cavity.

Periodontal diseases can be divided into gingivitis, in the mildest forms, and parodontitis, in the most advanced and dangerous forms for the health of the oral cavity and the entire organism.

In many cases periodontal disease can manifest itself in asymptomatic mode; consequently, regular checks are necessary for correct prevention. It is estimated that, starting from 35-40 years of age, periodontal diseases afflict the majority of the Italian population.

The periodontist has various techniques available aimed at slowing down if not stopping the progress of the pathology. The main purpose is the elimination of bacterial conditions and their causes.

• tartar ablation (as for gingivitis)
• root planing to eliminate bacterial pockets (manual or mechanical therapy)
• tissue regeneration interventions
• pharmacological treatments

Dental prostheses: typologies

There are two macrocategorie of dental prostheses:

• Fixed dental prostheses
• Removable dental prostheses

Thefixed dental prosthesis provides adefinitive installation on natural teeth or on implants (intervention ofimplantology). The patient will therefore not be able to remove it without the intervention of the dentist. Examples of fixed dental prostheses are:

• Dental crowns
• Dental bridges
• Maryland Bridge
• Inlays
• Dental veneers.

The removable dental prosthesis it is commonly calleddenture. It is made up of two parts: a rose in acrylic resin which simulates the aesthetics of the gums and a white one made up of prosthetic teeth in acrylic resin, composite oceramic. The application of the "denture" can be temporary, waiting for another definitive solution.

There are many oral pathologies and problems that can arise during childhood:

• Caries: cavities are increasingly frequent in children (sometimes we can also talk about baby bottle tooth decay). The pediatric dentist is responsible for its treatment and prevention.
• Injuries: hits and falls are common in children and it is not uncommon for them to suffer loss or injury breakage of a piece of tooth following these traumas. In these cases, if necessary, Dental restoration or reimplantation may be necessary.
• Malocclusion and alterations in the position of the dental pieces: Possible changes in the bite that may require treatment are studied orthodontic treatment.
• Congenital alterations: affect the size, the number and shape of the teeth.